Periods

Early Gothic (1140-1190)

The Early Gothic period was marked by the emergence of Gothic architecture in northern France, particularly in the construction of the choir of the Basilica of Saint-Denis.

High Gothic (1190-1230)

The High Gothic period saw the development of the classic Gothic style with construction of many of the most famous Gothic cathedrals, including Chartres Cathedral, Notre-Dame Cathedral, and Salisbury Cathedral. During this period, Gothic architecture became more elaborate and ornate, with increased emphasis on the use of sculptural decoration and stained glass windows.

Georgian

1714-1830

Georgian architecture epitomizes elegance and balance. Influenced by ancient Greece and Rome, it became a powerful vehicle for expressing the ideals of the Enlightenment, reflecting a societal shift towards reason, logic, and a desire for order in design.

This style played a crucial role in defining the visual identity of England and its colonies during significant cultural and political change. From colonial homes to government structures, it left an indelible mark on the architectural landscape of England, where it originated, as well as in the American colonies, namely cities such as Boston and Charleston in the United States.

Important Features

Symmetry

Georgian architecture places a strong emphasis on symmetry, evident in the balanced arrangement of windows, doors, and other architectural elements. It involves arranging elements on each side of a central line to mirror each other. This reflects a pursuit of visual harmony and order, aligning with Enlightenment ideals of rationality and balance in design.

Classical Influence

Rooted in the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, Georgian structures incorporate classical elements like columns, pediments, and entablatures. The style showcases dignified proportions and graceful integration of classical details. This imbued Georgian buildings with a timeless elegance and reflected the Enlightenment's intellectual climate.

Simple Ornamentation

The style is characterized by a restrained use of ornamentation. It deviates from earlier, more elaborate styles, favoring clean lines. Moldings, cornices, and other decorative elements are kept understated, showcasing a refined elegance that eschews excessive embellishment.

Brick Construction

Georgian buildings are predominantly constructed using red bricks, often contrasted with light-colored stone accents. This choice of materials not only imparts a distinct visual character but also reflects the availability of resources during the era. Brick construction showcases both practicality and a timeless aesthetic.

Palladian Windows

Palladian windows, named after architect Andrea Palladio, are large, arched windows divided into three sections by two columns, evoking ancient Roman design. These windows are commonly found on the main facade of grand public buildings and elegant townhouses, serving both functional and aesthetic purposes. They allow ample natural light and add a touch of classical sophistication. This architectural choice reflects the era's fascination with classical antiquity and a desire for timeless elegance.